How to Assign Virtual IPs to your NIC

A virtual IP address (VIP or VIPA) is an IP address that is not connected to a specific computer or network interface card (NIC) on a computer. Incoming packets are sent to the VIP address, but all packets travel through real network interfaces.
VIPs are mostly used for connection redundancy; a VIP address may still be available if a computer or NIC fails because an alternative computer or NIC replies to connections.

Assigning a virtual IP to a NIC is a very easy task either you use the system-config-network tool or just do some text file editing. The script ifconfig can also be used to create a virtual network interface, but this would not be permanent since the changes ifconfig makes do not survive a reboot.

In Fedora, all information about the network interfaces is kept in the following directories:

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

/etc/sysconfig/networking/

I assume that the default NIC configuration script is:
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0. Mine looks like this:
<

DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
BROADCAST=192.168.0.255
HWADDR=00:00:00:00:00:00
IPADDR=192.168.0.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.0.0
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
GATEWAY=192.168.0.254

BOOTPROTO: sets the protocol that is used when the device is initialized. Since we use static IPs we set it to static.
HWADDR: is the MAC address of your network card. Do not change it. If this is missing in your configuration file, then don’t add it.
The rest of the options used are self-explanatory.

Make a copy of this in the same directory naming the new file ifcfg-eth0:1

# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0\:1

eth0:1 is an alias of the eth0 interface. Now, let’s assign a different IP address to eth0:1. Other NIC aliases could be named eth0:2, eth0:3 etc. Fire up your favourite text editor and edit ifcfg-eth0:1. The modifications are shown in bold:

DEVICE=eth0:1
BOOTPROTO=static
BROADCAST=192.168.0.255
HWADDR=00:00:00:00:00:00
IPADDR=192.168.0.101
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.0.0
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
GATEWAY=192.168.0.254

So, its IP address will be 192.168.0.101. Save the file and copy it to/etc/sysconfig/networking/devices/:

# cp ifcfg-eth0\:1 /etc/sysconfig/networking/devices/

Also, copy it to your default network profile or whichever profile you use:

# cp ifcfg-eth0\:1 /etc/sysconfig/networking/profiles/default/

Now, bring up the new interface using the ifup script:

# ifup eth0\:1

Running ifconfig, the new interface should be listed. You can also check it by pinging:

# ping 192.168.0.101

You can now assign a host name on this virtual interface, by updating your local DNS server’s zone files or by adding it to the /etc/hosts files on all your LAN computers.

Thanks to  http://techgurulive.com/2009/03/27/how-to-assign-virtual-ips-to-your-nic/